494 BC

Office of Aedile Established

Aedile, in Latin, a term that is related to aedes (temple), was an office established at the same time as the office of political Tribune. The original function of the office was to serve as an assistant to the Tribune. For the first 50 years this was, in fact, what they did.

Later (366 BC), there were 4 Aediles elected to office; two aediles were plebeian and two were curule (held by patricians). In the second century the distinction between plebeian and curule aedile was mostly lost and anyone could run for either office.

Marius fails to win office of Aedile

Marius failed to win the office of curule or plebeian aedile. But he went on to become praetor, then consul. So the office of aedile was not a necessary step in the Cursus Honorum.

Cicero as Aedile

Cicero was elected to the office of Aedile in 70 BC. Although he doesn’t explicitly state to which aedileship he was elected, based on his own writings it was to Curule Aedile. Because Cicero was not a patrician, by Cicero’s time the office of curule aedile was probably not reserved only for patricians.

Nunc sum designatus aedilis; habeo rationem quid a populo Romano acceperim; mihi ludos sanctissimos maxima cum cura et caerimonia Cereri Libero Liberaeque faciundos, mihi Floram matrem populo plebique Romanae ludorum celebritate placandam, mihi ludos antiquissimos, qui primi Romani appellati sunt, cum dignitate maxima et religion Iovi Iunoni Minervaeque esse faciundos, mihi sacrarum aedium ob earum rerum laborem et sollicitudinem fructus illos datos, antiquiorem in senatu sententiae dicendae locum, togam praetextam, sellam curulem, ius imagines ad memorim posteritatemque prodendae.

Now I am designated aedile; I consider what I have obtained from the Roman people; to me the most holy games with the greatest care and solemn ceremonies to Ceres, Liber, and Libera; that I am propitious to Flora the mother of the Roman nation and people of the games, to me the games, most ancient people, who were the first called Roman games, with the greatest dignity and the reverence due to Jupiter to Juno and Minerva, should do so, on account of the sacred buildings and the fruit of these matters to the labor and taking care for them as gifts, to the senior in the senators for their opinions position to say, a bordered toga; a curule chair, the right of the ___ to the memory of posterity.

Taylor, LR Cicero’s Aedileship. The American Journal of Philology Vol. 60. No. 2 (1939), pp. 194-202.
History of the Aedileship. Text available at http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/ SMIGRA*/Aediles.html

Julius Caesar as Aedile

The office of Aedile, although not a necessary step in the Cursus Honorum, could serve as a platform for political advancement or political activism.

In his aedileship, he not only embellished the Comitium, and the rest of the forum, with adjoining halls, but adorned the Capitol also, with temporary piazzas, constructed for the purpose of displaying some part of the superabundant collections he had made for the amusement of the people. He entertained them with the hunting of wild beasts, and with games, both alone and in conjunction with his colleague. On this account, he obtained the whole credit of the expense to which they jointly contributed; insomuch that his colleague, Marcus Bibulus, could not forebear remarking, that he was served in the manner of Pollux. For as the temple erected in the Forum to the two brothers, went by the name of Castor alone, so his and Caesar’s joint munificence was imputed to the latter only. To the other public spectacles exhibited to the people, Caesar added a fight of gladiators, but with fewer pairs of combatants than he had intended. For he had collected from all parts so great a company of them, that his enemies became alarmed; and a decree was made, restricting the number of gladiators which any one was allowed to retain in Rome.

Having thus conciliated popular favor, he endeavored, through his interest with some of the tribunes, to get Egypt assigned to him as a province, by an act of the people. The pretext alleged for the creation of this extraordinary government, was, that the Alexandrians had violently expelled their king whom the senate had complimented with the title of an ally and friend of the Roman people. This was generally resented; but, notwithstanding, there was so much opposition form the faction of the nobles, that he could not carry his point. In order, therefore, to diminish their influence by every means in his power, he restored the trophies erected in honor of Caius Marius, on account of his victories over Jugurtha, the Cimbri, and the Teutoni, which had been demolished by Sylla; and when sitting in judgment upon murders, he treated those as assassins, who, in the late proscription, had received money from the treasury, for bringing in the heads of Roman citizens, although they were expressly excepted in the Cornelian laws.

C. Suetonius Tranquillus. The Lives of the Twelve Caesars. The Translation of Alexander Thomson. Revised and Corrected by T. Forester, Esq. The Project Gutenberg EBook. Page 101-103.

BACK